A single-mode fiber optic cable is an optical fiber designed to propagate light signals over long distances with minimal attenuation. It comprises one glass or plastic fiber and features a tiny core of about 8-10 microns in diameter. Modes are the possible solutions of the Helmholtz equation for waves, which is obtained by combining. There are two main types of fiber optic cables: single mode and multimode. While they may look similar from the outside, they differ significantly in core size, transmission behavior, distance capability, bandwidth potential, equipment requirements, and overall cost.