An all-optical Ethernet switch provides both optical uplink and downlink ports, and uses optical fibers that feature high transmission speed, large bandwidth, and strong anti-interference capability. They can function as core, aggregation, and access devices on campus networks and connect to upstream and downstream devices. Core switches are usually layer 3 switches, providing efficient routing, VLAN segmentation, and other network management features. Layer 3 core switches realize IP routing via hardware, and their optimized routing software enhances routing efficiency, solving the speed issues of traditional. When designing a campus LAN, you may choose to implement all, some, or none of the Cisco three-layer model's recommendations. This flexibility allows for the creation of flat networks or hierarchical networks with two or three layers. Transparent networks are attractive due to their flexibility and higher data rate. In contrast, a network is considered opaque.
